It is believed by scholars that Khalid bin Waleed R.A. died a natural death because he was the Sword of Allah and it was not possible to kill him in the battlefield as the sword of Allah cannot be broken. [103], The desert march is the most celebrated episode of Khalid's expedition and medieval Futuh ('Islamic conquests') literature in general. Shoufani deems this improbable, while allowing the possibility that Khalid had earlier sent detachments from his army to reinforce the main Muslim commander in Bahrayn, al-Ala al-Hadhrami. [1], The following year Khalid commanded the right flank of the cavalry in the Meccan army which confronted Muhammad at the Battle of Uhud north of Medina. [134] Jandora asserts that the Byzantines' Christian Arab and Armenian auxiliaries deserted or defected, but that the Byzantine force remained "formidable", consisting of a vanguard of heavy cavalry and a rear guard of infantrymen when they approached the Muslim defensive lines. The Sharia of Imam Ali was focused on Justice. [7] Khalid was then appointed to destroy the idol of al-Uzza, one of the goddesses worshiped in pre-Islamic Arabian religion, in the Nakhla area between Mecca and Ta'if. [98], In the first PalmyraDamascus itinerary, Khalid marches upwards along the Euphratespassing through places he had previously reducedto Jabal al-Bishri and from there successively moves southwestwards through Palmyra, al-Qaryatayn and Huwwarin before reaching the Damascus area. Views of the wars by modern historians vary considerably. [68] Madelung asserts Abu Bakr relied on the Qurayshite aristocracy during the Ridda wars and early Muslim conquests and speculates that the caliph dispatched Khalid to Iraq to allot the Makhzum an interest in that region. [44], After Buzakha, Khalid proceeded against the rebel Tamimite chieftain Malik ibn Nuwayra headquartered in al-Butah, in the present-day Qassim region. [140], Khalid split his cavalry into two main groups, each positioned behind the Muslims' right and left infantry wings to protect his forces from a potential envelopment by the Byzantine heavy cavalry. [149] The caliph appointed Abu Ubayda to Khalid's place, reassigned his troops to the remaining Muslim commanders and subordinated Khalid under the command of one of Abu Ubayda's lieutenants; a later order deployed the bulk of Khalid's former troops to Iraq. Umar then dismissed Khalid from the governorship of Jund Qinnasrin around 638. Khlid ibn al-Wald, byname Sf, or Sayf, Allh (Arabic: Sword of God), (died 642), one of the two generals (with Amr ibn al-) of the enormously successful Islamic expansion under the Prophet Muhammad and his immediate successors, Ab Bakr and Umar. [179] Muslim tradition since then has placed Khalid's tomb in the city. [123] Khalid and his men scaled the city's eastern walls and killed the guards and other defenders at Bab Sharqi. [167], Khalid may have participated in the siege of Jerusalem, which capitulated in 637 or 638. [189] Abd al-Rahman's son Khalid was a commander of a naval campaign against the Byzantines in 668 or 669. I have dismissed him because the people glorified him and were misled. [58] The strength of Musaylima's warriors, the superiority of their swords and the fickleness of the Bedouin contingents in Khalid's ranks were all reasons cited by the Muslims for their initial failures. Khalid ibn Walid Dismissed by Umar ibn Khattab of the War Commander The greatness of Khalid ibn Walid made many young people in Medina chant poems to praise his name. [70], Al-Hira's capture was the most significant gain of Khalid's campaign. [59] The enclosure was stormed by the Muslims, Musaylima was slain and most of the Hanifites were killed or wounded. [184], Khalid's eldest son was named Sulayman, hence his kunya ('paedonymic') Abu Sulayman ('father of Sulayman'). Most of these accounts hold that the caliph's order was prompted by requests for reinforcements by the Muslim commanders in Syria. [8][9] In the ensuing rout, several dozen Muslims were killed. [91] There, Khalid attacked a group of Ghassanids celebrating Easter before he or his subordinate commanders raided the Ghouta agricultural belt around Damascus. One of the operations was against Dumat al-Jandal and the other against the Namir and Taghlib tribes present along the western banks of the upper Euphrates valley as far as the Balikh tributary and the Jabal al-Bishri mountains northeast of Palmyra. [50] Musaylima had laid claims to prophet-hood before Muhammad's emigration from Mecca, and his entreaties for Muhammad to mutually recognize his divine revelation were rejected by Muhammad. [165] Khalid made Qinnasrin his headquarters, settling there with his wife. [113], Khalid reached the meadow of Marj Rahit north of Damascus after his army's trek across the desert. [17], Khalid participated in the expedition to Mu'ta in modern-day Jordan ordered by Muhammad in September 629. [4] The historian Muhammad Abdulhayy Shaban describes Khalid as "a man of considerable standing" within his clan and Mecca in general. A breach of Muhammad's orders by the Muslim archers, who left their assigned posts to despoil the Meccan camp, allowed a surprise attack from the Meccan cavalry, led by Meccan war veteran Khalid ibn al-Walid, which brought chaos to the Muslim ranks. [1] In that engagement Khalid led a nomadic contingent called muhajirat al-arab ('the Bedouin emigrants'). Why Khalid Ibn Walid Got Fired ~ Mufti Menk + Nouman Ali Khan + Omar Suleiman 9,594 views Jun 20, 2020 275 Dislike Share Zulfiqaar Media 97.8K subscribers May Allah multiply the rewards of. Was Hazrat Umar a good . [187] As a result, his family's properties, including his residence and several other houses in Medina, were inherited by Ayyub ibn Salama, a great-grandson of Khalid's brother al-Walid ibn al-Walid. [150] Varied causes for Khalid's dismissal from the supreme command are cited by the early Islamic sources. Khalid played the leading command roles in the Ridda Wars against rebel tribes in Arabia in 632633, the initial campaigns in Sasanian Iraq in 633634, and the conquest of Byzantine Syria in 634638. There, he was encountered with his small party by the Muslims. [140], The Byzantines pursued the Muslims into their camp, where the Muslims had their camel herds hobbled to form a series of defensive perimeters from which the infantry could fight and which Byzantine cavalries could not easily penetrate. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. He attended the battle of Mu'ta and the Conquest of Mecca. Upon realizing Muhammad's change of course, Khalid withdrew to Mecca. [72] By this stage, Khalid had subjugated the western areas of the lower Euphrates and the nomadic tribes, including the Namir, Taghlib, Iyad, Taymallat and most of the Ijl, as well as the settled Arab tribesmen, which resided there. The latter had been assigned by Medina as its tax collector over his tribe and its traditional Asad rivals. [101] In this route the only span where a desert march could have occurred is between Jabal al-Bishri and Palmyra, though the area between the two places is considerably less than a six-day march and contains a number of water sources. The "Sharia" of Khalid ibn al-Walid was focused on his own personal wealth and power. Khalid was also among those who ran away in the battle of Hunayn. [99] As his men did not possess sufficient waterskins to traverse this distance with their horses and camels, Khalid had some twenty of his camels increase their typical water intake and sealed their mouths to prevent the camels from eating and consequently spoiling the water in their stomachs; each day of the march, he had a number of the camels slaughtered so his men could drink the water stored in the camels' stomachs. [18] His male line of descent ended toward the collapse of the Umayyad Caliphate in 750 or shortly after when all forty of his male descendants died in a plague in Syria, according to the 11th-century historian Ibn Hazm. He is a grandson of King Saud of Saudi Arabia on his mother's side and he is a great-grandson of King Abdulaziz, the founder of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, on both his . Khlid ibn al-Wald is not known in the West because our history is heavily Euro-centric and ignores much of what happened in the remainder of the world. bilal bin rabah <p>abu bakar as-shidiq</p> alternatives <p>abdurrahman bin auf</p> <p>khalid bin walid</p> <p>bilal bin rabah</p> answer explanation . [72] The Arab nobility of al-Hira surrendered in an agreement with Khalid whereby the city paid a tribute in return for assurances that al-Hira's churches and palaces would not be disturbed. [174] In the account of Ibn Asakir, Umar declared at a council of the Muslim army at Jabiya in 638 that Khalid was dismissed for lavishing war spoils on war heroes, tribal nobles and poets instead of reserving the sums for needy Muslims. [145], Jandora credits the Muslim victory at Yarmouk to the cohesion and "superior leadership" of the Muslim army, particularly the "ingenuity" of Khalid, in comparison to the widespread discord in the Byzantine army's ranks and the conventional tactics of Theodorus, which Khalid "correctly anticipated". [45] Abu Bakr consequently resolved to have him executed by Khalid. [60] This assessment, along with the exhaustion of his own troops, compelled Khalid to accept Mujja'a's counsel for a ceasefire with the Hanifa, despite Abu Bakr's directives to pursue retreating Hanifites and execute Hanifite prisoners of war. [40] Athamina notes hints in the traditional sources that Khalid initiated the campaign unilaterally, implying that the return of the Muhajirun in Khalid's ranks to Medina following Musaylima's defeat likely represented their protest of Khalid's ambitions in Iraq. These engagements collectively precipitated the retreat of imperial Byzantine troops from Syria under Emperor Heraclius. Khalid b. Walid converted to Islam before the Conquest of Mecca. Khalid had them all executed over the objection of an Ansarite, who had been among the captors of the tribesmen and argued for the captives' inviolability due to their testaments as Muslims. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. [20] The Muslim detachment was routed by a Byzantine force consisting mostly of Arab tribesmen led by the Byzantine commander Theodore and several high-ranking Muslim commanders were slain. 'Sword of God'). Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. [154] These tribes likely considered the large numbers of outside Arab tribesmen in Khalid's army as a threat to their political and economic power. [40], According to Fred Donner, the subjugation of Arab tribes may have been Khalid's primary goal in Iraq and clashes with Persian troops were the inevitable, if incidental, result of the tribes' alignment with the Sasanian Empire. [5], Khalid's mother was al-Asma bint al-Harith ibn Hazn, commonly known as Lubaba al-Sughra ('Lubaba the Younger', to distinguish her from her elder half-sister Lubaba al-Kubra) of the nomadic Banu Hilal tribe. Although Malik b. [17], According to the historian Richard Blackburn, despite attempts in the early sources to discredit Khalid, his reputation has developed as "Islam's most formidable warrior" during the eras of Muhammad, Abu Bakr and the conquest of Syria. This condition was feared by the caliph at that time, Umar ibn Khattab, would be a deviation of faith. [179] Kennedy notes that "his reputation as a great general has lasted through the generations and streets are named after him all over the Arab world". [15] The historian Akram Diya Umari holds that Khalid and Amr embraced Islam and relocated to Medina following the Treaty of Hudaybiyya, apparently after the Quraysh dropped demands for the extradition of newer Muslim converts to Mecca. [82] In Kennedy's view, Khalid's push toward the desert frontier of Iraq was "a natural continuation of his work" subduing the tribes of northeastern Arabia and in line with Medina's policy to bring all nomadic Arab tribes under its authority. [119][120] The Muslims pursued them and scored another major victory at the Battle of Fahl, though it is unclear if Amr or Khalid held overall command in the engagement. [27] Crone, dismissing Khalid's role in Iraq entirely, asserts that Khalid had definitively captured Dumat al-Jandal in the 631 campaign and from there crossed the desert to engage in the Syrian conquest. How did Hazrat Khalid bin Waleed died? [18][190], There is no further significant role played by members of Khalid's family in the historical record. [59], In the fourth assault against the Hanifa, the Muhajirun under Khalid and the Ansar under Thabit killed a lieutenant of Musaylima, who subsequently fled with part of his army. [179] The building was altered by the first Ayyubid sultan Saladin (r.11711193) and again in the 13th century. [103] The span between the two sites is arid and corresponds with the six-day march narrative. [140] He stationed an elite squadron of 200300 horsemen to support the center of his defensive line and left archers posted in the Muslims' camp near Dayr Ayyub, where they could be most effective against an incoming Byzantine force. Khalid ibn al-Walid ibn al-Mughira al-Makhzumi (Arabic: , romanized:Khlid ibn al-Wald ibn al-Mughra al-Makhzm; died 642) was a 7th-century Arab military commander. The Yarbu did not resist, proclaimed their Muslim faith and were escorted to Khalid's camp. [7] Among these villages were Musaylima's hometown al-Haddar and Mar'at, whose inhabitants were expelled or enslaved and the villages resettled with tribesmen from clans of the Tamim. 5. [72] Afterward, he plundered the surrounding market villages frequented by tribesmen from the Bakr and Quda'a confederations, before moving against Ayn al-Tamr, an oasis town west of the Euphrates and about 90 kilometers (56mi) south of Anbar. [29] Khalid was a staunch supporter of Abu Bakr's succession. Khalid bin Walid (ra) victories speak volumes of what he accomplished. [28], After Muhammad's death in June 632, one of his early and close companions, Abu Bakr, became caliph (leader of the Muslim community). Khlid ibn al-Wald, byname Sf, or Sayf, Allh (Arabic: "Sword of God"), (died 642), one of the two generals (with Amr ibn al-) of the enormously successful Islamic expansion under the Prophet Muhammad and his immediate successors, Ab Bakr and Umar. [87] Patricia Crone argues it is unlikely Khalid played any role on the Iraqi front, citing seeming contradictions by contemporary, non-Arabic sources,[88] namely the Armenian chronicle of Sebeos (c.661) and the Khuzistan Chronicle (c. [89] In Kennedy's assessment, Khalid was "a brilliant, ruthless military commander, but one with whom the more pious Muslims could never feel entirely comfortable". [151] Among them were his independent decision-making and minimal coordination with the leadership in Medina; older allegations of moral misconduct, including his execution of Malik ibn Nuwayra and subsequent marriage to Malik's widow; accusations of generous distribution of booty to members of the tribal nobility to the detriment of eligible early Muslim converts; personal animosity between Khalid and Umar; and Umar's uneasiness over Khalid's heroic reputation among the Muslims, which he feared could develop into a personality cult. You must take revenge from Khalid." But Abu Bakr continued to defend Khalid. [12], In the year 6 AH (c.627) or 8 AH (c.629) Khalid embraced Islam in Muhammad's presence alongside the Qurayshite Amr ibn al-As;[14] the modern historian Michael Lecker comments that the accounts holding that Khalid and Amr converted in 8 AH are "perhaps more trustworthy". 60 seconds . [18], The starting point of Khalid's general march to Syria was al-Hira, according to most of the traditional accounts, with the exception of al-Baladhuri, who places it at Ayn al-Tamr. His tomb is now part of a mosque called Khalid ibn al-Walid Mosque. [18], Khalid was afterward dispatched to invite to Islam the Banu Jadhima in Yalamlam, about 80 kilometers (50mi) south of Mecca, but the Islamic traditional sources hold that he attacked the tribe illicitly. [16] Following his conversion, Khalid "began to devote all his considerable military talents to the support of the new Muslim state", according to the historian Hugh N. [1] He belonged to the Banu Makhzum, a leading clan of the Quraysh tribe and Mecca's pre-Islamic aristocracy. [104] The Byzantine rout marked the destruction of their last effective army in Syria, immediately securing earlier Muslim gains in Palestine and Transjordan and paving the way for the recapture of Damascus[134] in December, this time by Abu Ubayda,[131] and the conquest of the Beqaa Valley and ultimately the rest of Syria to the north. In 638, at the zenith of his career, he was dismissed from military services. [139] The area spanned high hilltops, water sources, critical routes connecting Damascus to the Galilee and historic pastures of the Ghassanids. [86], The extent of Khalid's role in the conquest of Iraq is disputed by modern historians. [82], Athamina doubts the Islamic traditional narrative that Abu Bakr directed Khalid to launch a campaign in Iraq, citing Abu Bakr's disinterest in Iraq at a time when the Muslim state's energies were focused principally on the conquest of Syria. Islamic tradition credits Khalid for his battlefield tactics and effective leadership of the early Muslim conquests, but also accuses him of illicitly executing Arab tribesmen who had accepted Islamnamely members of the Banu Jadhima during the lifetime of Muhammad, and Malik ibn Nuwayra during the Ridda Warsand being responsible for moral and fiscal misconduct in the Levant. Last Update: Jan 03, 2023. The latter, with the key intervention of the prominent Muhajirun, Umar ibn al-Khattab and Abu Ubayda ibn al-Jarrah, overrode the Ansar and acceded. Khalid is a brave warrior and our ardent supporter. He was reassigned by Abu Bakr to command the Muslim armies in Syria and he led his men there on an unconventional march across a long, waterless stretch of the Syrian Desert, boosting his reputation as a military strategist. why was khalid bin walid dismissed? [175] According to the Muslim jurist al-Zuhri (d. 742), before his death in 639, Abu Ubayda appointed Khalid and Iyad ibn Ghanm as his successors,[176] but Umar confirmed only Iyad as governor of the HomsQinnasrinJazira district and appointed Yazid ibn Abi Sufyan governor over the rest of Syria, namely the districts of Damascus, Jordan and Palestine.
